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What to do if you are surprised by heatstroke or sunburn
Summer is a time when we enjoy the sun, vacations, and overall relaxation. However, while the sun is very pleasant, it can also become our enemy if we are not careful enough. Heat exhaustion and sunburn are two serious health complications that can make summer fun very unpleasant. In this article, we will look at the differences between heat exhaustion and sunburn, how to recognize them, and how to prevent them.
What is heat exhaustion and how does it occur?
Heat exhaustion, sometimes also called overheating, is a condition in which the body cannot regulate its temperature and overheats. This occurs when you are exposed to high temperatures and humidity for an extended period without adequately hydrating your body. Typical situations where heat exhaustion can occur include long stays in overheated rooms, heavy physical work, or sports in the heat, along with insufficient fluid intake.
Symptoms of heat exhaustion typically include:
- high body temperature (usually above 39 °C),
- red, hot, and dry skin,
- headache,
- dizziness and nausea,
- rapid heartbeat,
- confusion or disorientation.
If these symptoms appear, it is important to act quickly. Move the affected person to the shade or a cooler environment, give them water to drink, and try to cool their body with cold compresses or a shower.
What is sunburn and how does it differ from heat exhaustion?
Sunburn is a result of direct exposure to sunlight on the head and neck. This condition occurs when you spend too much time in the sun without a head covering. During sunburn, irritation of the brain membranes and the brain itself occurs.
Symptoms of sunburn typically include:
- severe headaches,
- nausea and vomiting,
- dizziness,
- fever,
- stiff neck,
- red and sunburned skin on the face and neck.
Sunburn is very dangerous and requires immediate medical attention. Until a doctor arrives, it is necessary to cool the affected person and ensure they rest in a dark and cool room.
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How to protect yourself from heat exhaustion and sunburn?
Hydration is always key: regularly drink enough water even if you don't feel thirsty. Avoid alcohol and caffeine, which can contribute to dehydration. Proper clothing is also important. Wear light, bright, and loose clothing that allows your body to breathe. Don't forget a head covering to protect yourself from direct sunlight.
Another step is to limit your time in direct sunlight during the hottest part of the day, which is between 11:00 AM and 3:00 PM. Plan outdoor activities for the morning or evening when the sun is less intense. If you work or exercise outdoors, seek shady spots and cool environments, and take regular breaks in the shade.
Skin protection is equally important. Use quality sunscreen with a high SPF factor for UV protection and apply it regularly, especially after swimming or sweating. This way, you minimize the risk of sunburn and subsequent complications.
Preventing heat exhaustion and sunburn is not complicated, but it requires regular care and awareness. Hydration, appropriate clothing, limiting time in direct sunlight, seeking shade, and proper skin protection are steps that should be part of your daily summer routine. With these simple measures, you can enjoy summer safely and without health complications related to heat exhaustion and sunburn.
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What to do if heat exhaustion or sunburn occurs?
Despite all precautions, heat exhaustion or sunburn can sometimes occur. So what should you do? What is the proper first aid procedure for heat exhaustion or sunburn?
If you suspect heat exhaustion:
- move the affected person to a cooler environment,
- give them water to drink,
- cool their body with cold compresses or a shower,
- monitor their condition and call a doctor if necessary.
If you suspect sunburn:
- seek medical help immediately,
- move the affected person to the shade or a cool room,
- cool their head and neck with cold compresses,
- monitor their condition and ensure their comfort until the doctor arrives.
Summer is a time for fun and relaxation, but we must not forget the dangers it can bring. Heat exhaustion and sunburn are conditions that can sometimes have serious consequences if not properly and promptly addressed. Pay attention to prevention, protect yourself and your loved ones, and enjoy the sun safely. After all, you surely agree that it is not worth risking your health for a few hours in the sun without proper protection.
