Sweet orange tree (Citrus aurantium var. dulcis)

Other names: Portuguese orange, sweet lemon

The sweet orange tree, scientifically known as Citrus aurantium var. dulcis, is an evergreen citrus tree native to Asia. It is also known as the Portuguese orange or sweet lemon tree, referring to its bright orange, sweet fruit, which is popular among people for its distinctive flavour and aroma. This tree can grow up to six metres tall and is characterised by its glossy leaves and white flowers that bloom in spring.

Sweet oranges are an indispensable part of many cuisines around the world. The fresh fruit is eaten on its own, as part of various dishes, in jams, marmalades or as part of refreshing drinks. Orange juice is one of the most popular drinks in the world and is the basis of many cocktails. The peel of oranges is also very useful, used in cooking and baking, as well as in the cosmetics industry for the production of various creams, oils and soaps. It also has important uses in aromatherapy and perfume production. Orange blossom is the source of neroli, an essential oil widely used in aromatherapy and perfumes.

In medicine, oranges are used for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. They are rich in vitamins, especially vitamin C, which is essential for the human body. Recently, there has also been research suggesting that eating oranges may have a beneficial effect on the prevention of certain types of cancer, particularly lung and breast cancer.