Siberian fir (Abies sibirica)
Other names: Abies pichta, Picea pichta, Pinus sibirica, Abies semenovii
Harm score: 1 (Natural substances)
Siberian fir, also known as Abies pichta, Picea pichta, Pinus sibirica or Abies semenovii, is an evergreen, relatively fast-growing tree native to Siberia and Mongolia. It usually reaches a height of 30 to 35 metres, but can sometimes grow up to 50 metres. It is characterised by stiff, dark green needles 1.5 to 3 cm long and conical, pendulous cones that can reach up to 15 cm long. This tree is produced not only for its ornamental value, but also for its quality wood and essential oil, which is widely used in aromatherapy and perfumery.
The wood of the Siberian fir is light, rot-resistant and very easy to shape and is therefore often used in furniture and musical instruments. It is also used to make construction timber and wood panelling. The tree is the source of a valuable essential oil, fir balsam, which is extracted from the bark. It has a strong, resinous scent and is used in perfumes and fragrances or as a base for the production of aromatic oils. Perfumers appreciate its warm, woody and balsamic scent, which adds depth and complexity to compositions. In addition, fir balsam is a component of some medicinal ointments and creams, where it is used for its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties.