Phytosterols

Other names: Phytosterols, plant sterols

Harm score: 2 (Derivatives of natural substances)

Phytosterols, also known as plant sterols or phytosterols, are natural substances found in plants that have a structure similar to human cholesterol. Plants synthesize this structure to support their growth and vitality, as sterols are the basic building blocks of cell membranes. However, in terms of the human body, phytosterols act differently from cholesterol. At the beginning of the 21st century, scientists discovered that their presence in the body can lower LDL cholesterol levels, resulting in a growing interest in these substances and their uses.

Phytosterols have become a component of a number of nutritional supplements and foods such as margarines, plant-based drinks, yogurts and cereals that aim to support cardiovascular health. Their high content is natural in soya, nuts and seeds, for example, but to provide a sufficient dose to lower cholesterol, a high daily intake would be needed, which is not normally possible. Therefore, their addition to selected foods is suitable for people with elevated cholesterol levels. In the Czech Republic, foods with added phytosterols are mainly available in pharmacies and specialist food stores such as organic shops. They are also used in the cosmetics industry, where their moisturising and regenerating properties are exploited.