1,4-dioxane
Other names: para-dioxane, diethylenedioxide
Harm score: 5 (Dangerous substances)
1,4-dioxane, also known as para-dioxane or diethylenedioxide, is a cyclic ether containing two oxygen atoms. It is colourless, has a sweet odour and is soluble in water, ethanol or ether. This substance is often found as an unwanted additive in some products that use ethoxylation, a process that increases the solubility of substances in water.
It is a substance found in a wide range of commonly used products such as soaps, shampoos, toothpastes, cosmetics, baby products and cleaning products. Its chemical composition allows the product to dissolve better and penetrate deeper into the skin. However, despite its widespread use, we should be careful. 1,4-dioxane is classified as a potential carcinogen (which can cause cancer) and is known to cause skin irritation. Because of these risks, its presence in cosmetic products is regulated in the European Union and strict limits must be observed.